What is a Database Management System?

 DBMS is a software package that enables users to create and maintain a database. It enables user to define, maintain, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database. 

DBMS = Database + Management System. 

Where,
Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of programs to store and retrieve those data.
The primary goals of a DBMS is to provide a convenient environment to retrieve and store database information. Some popular examples of DBMS are dbms, MySql, Oracle, Sybase, MS-Access , cliper, DB/2 etc.

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Components of Database System

The database system can be divided into four components.

• Users: Users may be of various type such as DB administrator, System developer and End users.
• Database application : Database application may be Personal, Departmental, Enterprise and Internal
• DBMS: Software that allow users to define, create and manages database access, Ex: MySql, Oracle etc.
• Database: Collection of logical data.

Functions of DBMS

• Provides data Independence
• Concurrency Control
• Provides Recovery services
• Provides Utility services
• Provides a clear and logical view of the process that manipulates data.

Advantages of DBMS

• Data sharing.
• it reduces the data redundancy & inconsistency.
• Easy retrieval of data.
• Reduced development time and maintenance need.
• it guarantees the consistency of the data.
• it provides data security and privacy.
• Data independence.
• Providing Backup and Recovery.
• Restricting unauthorized access.
• Integration of Data.

Disadvantages of DBMS

• Required hardware and software are expensive.
• Costly and time consuming.
• Higher operating cost.
• Need well trained person to handle it.
• Difficult to recover backup.
• Difficult to control and maintain security in it.

Applications of DBMS

• Universities: For student information, course details, and grades.
• Airlines: For reservations and schedule information.
• Banking: For customer information, accounts, and banking transactions.
• Human resources: For information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes, benefits and for generations of paychecks.
• Credit card transactions: For purchase on credit cards and generations of monthly statements.
• Airlines: For reservation and schedule information.
• Telecommunication: For keeping records of calls made, generating monthly bills etc.

DATABASE:-  A database is an organized collection of interrelated information(data) that can be used for multiple purpose as desired.

                              An example of a database is a dictionary, where words are arranged alphabetically. Another example is a telephone directory, where subscriber names are listed in an alphabetic order.

The major differences between DBMS and RDBMS

DBMS	RDBMS
Introduced in 1960.	Introduced in 1970.
During introduction it followed the navigational modes (Navigational DBMS) for data storage and fetching.	This model uses relationship between tables using primary keys, foreign keys and indexes.
Data fetching is slower for complex and large amount of data.	Comparatively faster because of its relational model.
Used for applications using small amount of data.	Used for complex and large amount of data.
It does not support client/ server architecture.	Most of the RDBMS supports client/ server architecture.
It does not support distributed database.	Most of the RDBMS supports distributed database.
In DBMS there is no tight security of data.	In RDBMS there are multiple levels of security.
Data Redundancy is common in this model	Keys and indexes are used in the tables to avoid redundancy.
Normalization is not present in DBMS.	Normalization is present in RDBMS.
DBMS does not impose integrity constraints.	RDBMS imposes integrity constraints.
it supports single user.	it supports multiple users.
Example systems are dBase, Microsoft Acces, LibreOffice Base, FoxPro etc.	Example systems are SQL Server, Oracle , MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite etc.

Database	DBMS
It is collection of related data and information	It is a software package to manage database
It consists of data	It manages data stores in database
It is a part of a DBMS	It is a software system which contains database
For example: Dictionary, phone book, attendance diary, result sheet etc	For example: FoxPro, dbase, MS-Access etc

DATA:-  Data is raw facts and figures about persons, places and things which can be recorded in the form of text, image, number, audio, video, sound etc. Name(Neha, Rajesh, Hari ), Roll(1, 2, 3 ), Marks(45, 46, 75) obtained by student etc are example of data.

INFORMATION:-  Information is processed data after data processing.  In other words, information is the summarization of data in a presentable form.

 Data and Information

Data	Information
Data is a collection of raw facts and figures.	Information is processed data.
Data is unorganized.	Information is organized.
Data is not arranged.	Information is arranged.
Data is meaningless information.	Information is meaningful.
Data is input.	Information is output.
Examples: 2, (, &, ram, pen, bench etc.	Examples: Ram is a boy, Pen is writing tool. etc